Koi Varieties

Nishikigoi (ornamental koi) are classified into recognized varieties based on color, pattern, and scale type. The Japanese classification system identifies over 100 named varieties organized into 13–16 major groups depending on the judging organization. Understanding these classifications is essential for selecting, appreciating, and showing koi.

The "Big Three" — Kohaku (white with red), Taisho Sanshoku (white with red and black), and Showa Sanshoku (black with red and white) — are the most prized and most commonly shown varieties. But the world of koi varieties extends far beyond these, including metallic varieties (Ogon, Hikarimuji), scaled and scaleless variations (Doitsu), and single-color fish that can be stunning in their simplicity.

Guides in This Section

Classification & Nomenclature

The Japanese naming system, major classification groups, and how varieties are categorized for shows and auctions.

Major Varieties

Detailed profiles of Kohaku, Sanke, Showa, Ogon, Shusui, Asagi, Bekko, Utsurimono, and other prominent varieties.

Judging & Appreciation

What judges look for — body conformation, skin quality, pattern balance, color intensity, and elegance of movement.

Selecting Quality Koi

What to look for when buying koi, evaluating young fish potential, breeder vs dealer purchasing, and import considerations.

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